Abstract: The study of Rural Revitalization has the characteristics of historical inheritance and theoretical transition. Cognizing its context and logic is the prerequisite for in-depth study and comprehensive promotion. There are three evolutionary paths in the study of rural revitalization:The first path is "dual economy-transformation of traditional agriculture-technological and institutional changes-recessive agricultural revolution-the end of farmers" at home and abroad. The second path is "Rural China-Urban-Rural China-Urban China" and "Urban-Rural Separation-Urban-Rural Integration-Regional Harmonious Development" in China. The third path is "rural construction-New Rural Construction-rural revitalization" in China. Based on the principle that theory and reality can not be separated, economic history can not be separated in different periods, and urban and rural areas can not be separated, the theoretical system of rural revitalization in China can be constructed only by taking root in China's rich realistic soil and actively drawing on the achievements of "western economics".